![heart imaging heart imaging](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326782959/figure/fig1/AS:710066671980544@1546304495771/Different-modalities-of-cardiovascular-imaging.png)
In contrast, deterministic effects are predictable due to threshold-exceeding radiation doses that cause multi-cellular damage. 6 The linear no-threshold model applies to stochastic effects, implying that there is no threshold below which the radiation damage does not occur. 6 Radiation exposure has two types of effects: stochastic and deterministic. The biggest risks are radiation exposure and contrast exposure in case of cardiac CT, especially for the fetus. 5Īlthough undertaken less commonly, pregnancy poses some challenges in cardiac imaging.
#Heart imaging skin#
Recent studies suggest that cranial displacement decreases breast skin entrance dose.
![heart imaging heart imaging](https://radiologyassistant.nl/assets/cardiac-anatomy/a5097978b7c1fb_ax-slices.jpg)
4 Breast tissue is a non-target organ for coronary CT, and the majority of the breast tissue lies in z axis. have predicted that single coronary CT angiogram increases lifetime excess relative risk for breast cancer of 1.4-2.6% and 0.2 and 0.4% in women aged 25 and 55 years, respectively. Radiation exposure to breast tissue remains an important concern. Increased cardiovascular imaging use over the past two decades has increased radiation doses from cardiac imaging, particularly coronary computed tomography (CT). Breast attenuation particularly affects the anterior wall interpretation in the left anterior descending territory. Small LV size and breast tissue may decrease the diagnostic performance of myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). 2,3 The reduced coronary artery size may decrease the non-assessable coronary segments, especially in the mid- to distal coronary vessels. Women on average have smaller coronary artery size, left ventricle (LV) chamber size, and greater chest wall attenuation. 1 A number of differences exist between men and women in cardiac imaging.
![heart imaging heart imaging](https://www.cardiacimagingagora.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/CIA_black.jpg)
Cardiac disease is one of the leading causes of death for women in the United States, killing one in three women in 2018.